Maimoatanga Whakamāmā i te Mātātoko: Pūtaiao me ngā Tikanga

Me Pēhea Te Maimoatanga Raimana Whero E Mahi Ana: Te Pūtaiao O Te Photobiomodulation Me Te Whakamāmā I Te Mate

Te Whai Mōhio Ki Te Maimoatanga Photobiomodulation (PBMT) Me Te Whanaketanga Kaha O Ngā Irakau

Ko te maimoatanga mā te whakamātao whakamātao e mahi ana ki te whakamahi i tētahi mea e mōhiotia ana ko photobiomodulation, te poto atu ko PBMT. I te tikanga, ka whakamahia e ia ētahi waahanga motuhake o te whakamātao i waenganui i te 630 ki te 940 nanometers e taea ai e ngā kiri tūpuna te uru atu ki roto i ngā kōwhiringa rātou ko te whakatū i ngā mahi ki roto i ngā kaha paku nei kei roto i ngā ātete e mōhiotia ana ko mitochondria. Ina tāngia tēnei, e whakaatu ana ngā rangahau ka taea e te whakaputa ATP te peketu ake i te tata ki te haurua ki te toru hauhake i ngā tikanga pai e ai ki ngā rangahau a Karne i 2023. A ina heke te ātete ki te whakaputa ake i te ATP, ka pai ake te whakatika i a rātou anō me te rere tika ake i ō rātou huringa hauora anō hoki. Ki te tirohanga whānui ake, i te tuhinga whakarāpopoto nui mai i te Journal of Pain i te 2021 i whakaatu i ētahi mea hōu mō te PBMT e muramura ai i te kaha o te pānga hauora kino, i te whakatū hoki i ngā tikanga tohu hei āwhina i ngā kiri e haukotia ana kia whakatika tika.

Te Whakatū Mitochondrial, Cytochrome c Oxidase, me te Whakaputa ATP

Ko te oksidase kaitakawaenga a Sitokrōmiti te kaiwhakauru tūmata ki te tae ki te PBMT, ā, ka rite ki te rama whero me te rama hōu eke atu ana i te rōpuna, ka tere ake ai ngā irahiko e nekeneke ana i tō rātou tīwhiri. E ai ki ngā kitea a Sommer i te tau 2022, ka taea e tēnei tikanga te whakapakari ake i te whakaproductiona ATP ki ngā āhua katoa e 200%, ā, ka āwhina hoki ki te whakaiti i ngā raru e pā ana ki te here o te haumaru nitric. Whakaaturia hoki e ngā ako whakamatautauranga mō te wāhi e whai ana ngā āhua i te kaha o te rama, ka tīmata tātou ki te whawhai i ngā tikanga mate ā-āhua, ā, ka tiaki i a rātou mai i te wehenga ā-āhua e kitea ana i ngā tāngata e pōhiri ana ki ngā raru pāpainu roa.

Te Kaituhi o te Rama Whero me te Rama Hōu eke atu ana i te Rōpuna ki te Whakatikatika me te Whakamau ake i te Kaha

Ko ngā roa o te wā o te kākāriki e 660 nm me te tāwhānui-infrared kei te tata ki te 850 nm ka taea hoki te eke tūpoko ki ngā kōtiro tinana, he tata ki te 5 ki te 10 mirimita ki reira. Mahi ēnei roa o te wā ki te whakaiti i te pāpā ki te awhina i te tinana kia hanga ai i te kōriki anō hoki. I ētahi rangahau ki ngā tāngata i whakaatu hoki i ngā hua pono. I tētahi rangahau takitahi i kitea mai ko ngā tāngata e noho ana ki te raru o te waewae i te taha ki te pōuri i te wehe i ā rātou raru e toru tekau ōrau ina manawa tonu rātou ki ngā mōhio (Chow et al., 2007). Mea pai ake ko te tāwhānui-infrared hoki e hāngai ai i te toto me te awhina i ngā wai ki te rere mai i ngā wāhi pāpā. Ko tēnei he mea tino nui hei awhina i ēnei kaupapa pāpā uaua e kitea ana i ngā tikanga pērā i te aratika, te kōpū rānei i ngā kōtiro tūpoko ngā raru.

Ngā Tikanga Anti-Pāpā o te Whakamātao Kiriata Kākāriki ki te Whakahaere i te Mate Māmā

Te Whakarereke i ngā Cytokines me ngā Kaiwhakawhitinga Pāpā: TNF-α, IL-1β, me te COX-2

Ko te maimoatanga mā te whakamātao whakamātao e mahi ana ki te whakamau i te māuiui i te tūpono ki te tautohe i ngā whakapāwhara e whakapāwhara ai i te tinana. I whakapātia mai hoki e ngā rangahau ka taea e ia te whakaiti i te Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-α) e 39% me te Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) e 42% ki te wai e eke ana ki ngā tōwai, e whakapōuri ai i te tātai o te whakapāwhara e kitea ana i ngā take roa pērā i te mate kiri kauae, e ai ki te mahi a Hamblin i te 2017. Ko tētahi atu mea e worth mentioning ko te ara e whakamōhiotia ai te rongoa ki te whakamohe i te mahi o te Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) e āwhina ai i te tinana ki te whakaiti i te waihanga o ngā prostaglandins e mōhiotia nei hei whakapiripiri i te mātauranga ki te māuiui. Ina hui ngā pānga e rua nei—te whakakaha i ngā kaiwhakapāwhara matekai me te whakapai ake i te mahi o ngā eneima—ka hāngai ki te wāhi pai ake mō ngā kiriata kia whai māmā ai i a rātou anō. Ko te take i reira i te nuinga o ngā tāngata e kitea ai te whakamāmā i ngā raru māuiui o ngā kiri me ngā tōwai ina whakamahia tēnei maimoatanga mā te whakamātao whakamātao.

Mātāpono mai i ngā Whare Taiākau me ngā Tāngata Whai Mātauranga mō te Whakaiti i te Hauānga

Ko ngā whai mōhio e hāngai ana ki ngā kararehe rerekē i whakaatu ai ko te māta o te whakamātautau i te rongoā hauā whakamātautau hoki. I te wā i whakamātauria e ngā kairangahau ki ngā kararehe ki te mate kōiwi, i kitea e rātou ko te noho ki te māta inaianei i te rā ka tōaitia te pāpā o te piringa ki te 38% tata ki te rōpū whakarāpopoto. Ko te aronga nei ka mahi tēnei ki te ara e mōhiotia ana ko te ara NF-kappa B e ai ki tētahi pūrongo mai i te Journal of Inflammation Research i te tau 2020. Ā, kāore ngā tāngata i te whakakaha ki ngā painga nei. I tētahi whai mōhio hou kua whai i te 140 tāngata e pōpō hauā ana ki te mate o te aho ake i te ono wiki. Ko ērā e whiwhi ana i te māta i te rongoā i whakapuakina he iti ake te raru, he 31% te iti ake. Ko te mea hoki nui ko ā rātou whakamātautau toto i whakaatu hoki i te iti ake o te taumata o te kiriutai C-reactive, i heke kē te 25%, tāpiri atu ko te whai āhua pai ake i ngā kaha nekeneke. Kei te tū mai anō ngā hua nei i ngā whai mōhio rerekē, e whakaatu ana i te māta o te whakamātautau he kōwhiringa tōtika ina heke haere ngā rongoā arataki kia kaha ai te whakahaere i ngā tikanga hauā hauā.

Whakaatuwhātanga Huihuinga me te Whaihua o te Whakamātautau Rerehua ki te Whara

Ngā Putanga mai i ngā whakamātautau whakatauira i whakahaerehia ai te whakamau i te whara

I te 2022, i whai mōhio ngā kairangahau ki ngā 37 whakamātautau rerekē i whanakehia ki te Journal of European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine ā, i kitea e rātou he mea hou mō te whakamātautau rerehua. Mō ngā tāngata e whara ana mai i ngā take pērā i te osteoarthritis, ko te maimoatanga tēnei i whakaiti iho i te rerehua i waenganui i te 38% ki te 52%. Ko ngā tāngata nō te raru i te kaki, i whiwhi rātou i te 47% te pai ake i mua i te maimoatanga ina whakaritea ki ērā e whakamahi pānui ana. Engari e kīia ana he tautohe. Ki te raru i te whara o raro, kāore ngā raihana i te tino ma. I whakaatu te whakamātautau i ēnei raihana rerekē e toa ana kia hiahiatia ngā aratohu tatau ki te tuku i tēnei maimoatanga kia tūhono ai ki ngā putanga ōrite mō ngā māmā me ngā kainoho rerekē.

Arotake whakarāpopoto i ngā kauta maimoatanga: roa, maha, me te whakaputanga atu ki te rerehua

Ko ngā otinga pai rawa he mea nui ina whakamahia ai te whakapapa i te 660 ki te 850 nm i ngā taumaha e 10 ki te 50 mW ia cm tapawhā rite ki te 3 ki te 10 meneti ki ia wāhi. Ka kitea hoki e 29 ngā ako e whakapā ana he mea hāngai. Ina heke te tata ki te 8 ki te 12 wā e whakaputua ana i te whā wiki, kua rongo te 72% te whakamau ake i te pānga i ērā ki te iti ake ngā wā. Ko te whakapono nui ko te tautohu i te tika o te uara e hāngai ana ki te pōpō o ngā kōtiro. Hei tauira, ko ngā kaha poto pea e hiahiatia ana ko te 4 joules cm tapawhā, engari ko ngā pōpō pōpō heoi anō pea te 8 ki te 12 joules.

Te whakapāpātanga ki ngā mōhini mōhini: te haumaru me te whai hua

Kua kitea e ngā rangahau ka pai te whai hua o te māmā o te rā whero pērā i te NSAIDs mō ngā tāngata e pāngia ana e te mate māu (osteoarthritis) mai i te māmā ki te kaha, i te tauwaru o ngā take, ā, kāore he whakapāpaku ki te kōkō, ā, ko te nuinga o ngā wā ka pā ki te rongoā i te roanga o te wā. Kua kitea mai i ngā raraunga arotake, ko te ruatekau mā whā pea i ia rau tāngata e whakamahi ana i te māmā rā whero ka pāngia e ngā tikanga tātaritanga, ko te nuinga ko te wā pōuri anō, ko te whero ki te kiri. Kei te tino pai ake i te takotoranga o te taku tāngata ki te rima e pāngia ana e ngā tikanga tātaritanga mai i ngā rongoā whakamāmā. Āe, e māmā ake ana ngā piriona ki te whakakaha i ngā tohu, engari e whakapono ana ngā rangahau ka tūhono te māmā rā whero ki te whai hua ki te whakahaere i te pānga o te wherawhera i te wā. Kei te mau tonu te pai o te whāngai i te kapinga o te kōpū, i te wā e ono marama i muri i te mutunga o te rongoā, nō reira ko te whai mōhio ki te whai hua pai ake i te wā roa kaua ko ngā raru o te rongoā.

Te Rōpuna Kaha, Te Rōra, me ngā Tautohu Rongoā mō te Whakamāmā

Ko ngā Roa Wāhi Tūturu: 600–700 nm (Whero) me te 800–900 nm (NIR)

Kei te mahi a te whakapiri whero ki ngā roa wāhi e tino whai kiko ana kia taea ai te rongoa i ngā rerekētanga o te kaha ki ngā tāpawhitinga rerekētanga o te tinana. I whakaatu ngā rangahau ka whakaponoa te rā whero i waenganui i te 630 me te 700 nm ka whakauruhia ki ngā takotoranga o runga o te kiri tae noa ki te 1 ki te 10 mirimita te roa. Ko te tikanga tēnei e pai ana kia rongoa ai ngā mea pērā i te whera kiri me ngā kaha kua raru i muri i ngā mahi hākinakina. Ko te roa o te wāhi inaianei mai i te 800 ki te 900 nm ka tū karawhiti atu ki roto ki ngā kōtaha, i ētahi wā e eke ana ki te 50 mm ki raro i te āpiti. Nō te pānui ake o te roa o ngā wāhi, he āwhina ēnei ki te tāngata e whai raru ana ki ngā raru o ngā tōwai roa rānei, ngā raru o ngā aroha. Ki te tiro atu ki ētahi rangahau hōu mai i te tau 2022, i tirotiro ngā kairangahau i ngā rangahau maha ake ā-kaute i te wā i whakamahia ai ngā taputapu e tuku mai ana i te rā i ngā roa wāhi e 810 ki te 850 nm, i whai wheako rātou i te heke mai o te 40% i ngā raru o te miruka mā te kāore i te taima i te hunga kāore i te rongoa.

Ngā Whai Pānga o te Rawa ki te Whakautu i te Whakamātao Reka (LLLT)

Ko te tika i te rahi e pā ana ki te rapu i te wāhi tika i waenganui i te fluence, ko te nui o te kaha e ine ana i te joules i ngā whatere tapawhā, me te nui o te kaha rānei e whakaatu ana i te māmā o te mātātoko i te milliwatts i ngā whatere tapawhā. Whakaaturia e ngā rangahau ko te nuinga o ngā take pāpaku hauātanga me te 4 ki te 10 joules i ngā whatere tapawhā pera i te wātaka. Engari ina haukai ana koe ki ngā take pāpaku o roto, he nui ake te hiahia ki te whakapakari ake i ēnei tau. Ka whakatauhia te pāpaku o te wā roa o te taha ki te mātātoko, he nui ngā kaiwhakamahi e kite ana i te hiahia ki te 60 joules i ngā whatere tapawhā e pa ana i te tekau meneti e whakamahi ana i te rorohiko 850 nanometer e whakahaere ana i te 100 milliwatts i ngā whatere tapawhā. Ko te neke ake i te 120 joules i ngā whatere tapawhā ka taea hoki te whakaputanga i ētahi atu whakapāpaku kāore i te hiahiatia, nō reira he nui te take kia tika ngā ture tēnei i te wā e whakarite ana i ngā tikanga whakatika.

Te Tātai i te Fluence, i te Nui Kaha, me te Roa o te Whakatika

Ko ngā tākuta e mātua whiriwhiri i te roa o te wā e herea ai ngā whakamaimoana, ka whakamahia tēnei tātai papai: ko ngā hēkona e hiahiatia ana ko te wehe i ngā jōnui ki te mita pūrua ki te wehe mā te wati ki te mita pūrua. Ka whakaurua tētahi taputapu e 50 miliwati ki te cm² (ko te 0.05 wati) hei tauira. Ki te tiki i ērā 20 jōnui ki te cm², me noho tonu te nuinga o te wā i te 400 hēkona, heoi anō te toru mano mineti. Kāore te nuinga o ngā taputapu hokohoko i te mōhio tūhono i ā rātou kaha e mātua whakaputa ai, arā anō kaore pea ngā tāngata i te whiwhi i te mōhio e herea ai. Ki te tiro ki ngā rangahau hou mai i te tau ki muri, ka kitea e mātou ko te 12 ōrau anake o ngā taputapu hokohoko e wātea ana i te kapa e mōhio ana i te kaha o rātou. Ko te iti o ngā mōhio e pēwhea ai i te uaua ki ngā tāngata e ngana nei ki ēnei whakamaimoana ki te kāinga kia mōhio ko te aha i te whai hua, kaua ko te whakaputuputu i te wā.

Ngā Ukaipo ki te Dosimetry: Ngā Whakaritenga Koretahi i waenganui i ngā Taputapu Hauora me ngā Hoko

Ko te whakaritenga i te tiriti he here here. Ahakoa kei te whakamahi ngā tātai mātai i ngā taputapu whakarite kia ≥ 80 mW / cm² irirangi, kei raro i te 30% o ngā hua kaihoko te mahi (Journal of Biophotonics, 2023). Ko ngā rerekētanga i te rārangi o ngā kaihāpai, ngā aratau totohu, me te tawhāti o te mātai e huri nui ai i ngā hua, ka whakaatu i te hiahia ki ngā taputapu whakamana FDA me te whakamātua tuatoru irirangi.

Ngā Tikanga Mahi mō te Mātai a Hōhipa me te Whare i te Whakahaere Raru

Te Whiriwhiri Taputapu, Ngā Tikanga Haumaru, me ngā Tikanga Pai

Ko te nuinga o ngā taputapu whakatika i te kaha o te whakamātautauranga e pai ake ana ina tautuhia ki waenganui i te 630 ki te 850 nanometers. Kei te whakauru tēnei rohe i te tōwari pai i waenganui i te pōpōkai o te māmā ki ngā kōtiro me te pono ake o ngā ātete e whakauru ana i te māmā. Ina rapu koe i ngā taputapu mō te whakamāmā i te rongoa roa, kātahi ka tūhono ki ērā e whakaaetia ana e te FDA me te nui ake i te 50 milliwatts ia cm tapawhā. Ko te haumaru hoki he mea nui. Me āwhina katoa te kāpua haumaru ina whakamahi koe i ngā roimata inaianei i runga ake i te 800nm. Ā, kaua e whakauru i te māmā ki tētahi wāhi kotahi i te roa ake i te 10 ki te 20 meneti. E ai ki ētahi rangahau hou tāpirihia ki te Journal of Pain Research i te tau ki muri, ka taea e te horoi i te kiri tōraro i mua i te tīmata o te whakamātautauranga te nui ake o te māmā e te 18 ōrau. Ko te whakauru i te taputapu e ono ki te tekau mā whā ina tawhiti ake i te tinana he rerekē hoki te nui ake i te nuinga e kite ana, i te tino tawhiti tēnei e āki ai te māmā o te kaihoko e pā ana ki te 92 i ia 100 take.

Ngā Tikanga Tono Tonu mō te Mate Upoko, te Aratika, me te Tendonitis

Kei te āhua whai whakamau ake pea ngā wehenga mate o te taha ki te raki ki te whai i tētahi kaupapa whakatika e 12 wiki te roa. Ko te tikanga e whakamahi ana i te whakapiri māmā me ētahi wa kua rerekētia - 660 nm me te 850 nm - e 10 meneti anake ia rā. E ai ki ngā rangahau i tāwhārangi ki te Pukapuka Tuarangi o te Raki o Uropi i te tau ki muri, i arahina tēnei ara ki te heke haere ake o te raru mate i whakapāhia, e 41 ōrau te heke haere i te katoa. Ki te aratika, ko te nuinga o ngā tāngata ka pōwhiri pai ake ina rite ki ngā wā 15 meneti e whakahaere ana i runga i ō rātou kōpata, e whakamahi ana i te 810 nm roimata i te 100 mW per cm². Ko ngā whakapiri nei ka pai ina tū ana ia kaupeka. Mō ērā e noho ana ki te raru tendonitis, ko te tikanga a te tākuta he hurihia ngā māmā 630 nm me te 830 nm i ngā wā whakapiri. Ko te takotoranga tēnei e āwhina ana i te mate māmā i te rautanga, i te wā kotahi anō hoki ki te whakatairanga i te whakatika o ngā kōpiko i raro i te mātātā.

Te Whiritea i te Rahinga o te Wā Ora me te Roa ki te Rawa o te Hauora me te Rawa o te Kiri

Mō ngā take kiri pōpō ki penei i te hip osteoarthritis, e hiahiatia ana ngā wā roa ake e 830 nm, e 15 ki te 20 meneti te taima, e whakamahi ana i ngā taumata pū e 120 ki te 150 mW ia cm tapawhā. Ko te mutunga, ko ngā take arthritic e āhua pai ake ana ki ngā wā poto ake i te 660 nm e 8 ki te 10 meneti te roa, e tino mahia ana i te rite ki te rima wā ia wiki. E ai ki ngā tohutohu hou a te 2023 Photobiomodulation Consortium, kei te tautohu tētahi ara e whakaiti ai te maha o ngā wā whakamahia me te whakapai ake i ngā tohu. Tīmata ki te whakamahi i ia rā i ngā wā e pā ana, kātahi ka whakaiti kia rua, kia toru wā ia wiki ina heke haere ngā raru paku ki raro i te 3 o te 10 ki ngā tau pāpaku.

FAQ

He aha te photobiomodulation ki te ora mā te māra whero?

Ko te maimoatanga photobiomodulation (PBMT) he whakamahi i ngā roimata aratau o te mārama hei whakapirau i te mahi ā-irirangi me te whanaketanga kaha, kei te matua whakamahia hoki i ngā mitochondria ki roto i ngā ā-irirangi.

Me pēhea e whakamāmā ai te maimoatanga mārama whero?

Te whakamātao rewharewha whero e iti i te pākanga me te whakarere i ngā tohu pākanga, e āwhina ana i te whakakaha kia kore ngā pāpaku ira kia pakaru me te whakapai ake i te whakatika o ngā kōtuku.

E iai ana ngā pānga tāpiri o te maimoatanga mārama whero?

Ko te maimoatanga mārama whero he iti noa ngā pānga tāpiri, pērā i te wera taupua, te whero noa o te kiri, nō reira he whiringa haumaru ake mō te whakahaere mamae roa.

Me pēhea te kōwhiringa i tētahi taputapu maimoatanga mārama whero?

Kia tūtohu pai te whakamāmātanga mamae, kōwhiri i ngā taputapu kua whakaaetia e FDA e whai roimata aratau mai i te 630 ki te 850 nm me te irirangi o te iti noa 50 mW per cm2.